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Beyond the Pleasure Principle by Sigmund Freud is a groundbreaking work that challenges his earlier theory that human behavior is solely driven by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. In this text, Freud introduces the concept of the death drive (Thanatos)—an unconscious drive toward destruction, repetition, and a return to an inorganic state—alongside the life drive (Eros). The book marks a turning point in psychoanalytic theory, opening the door to deeper understandings of trauma, compulsion, and the complexities of the human psyche.